02/10/2025

Load distribution plan – the basis for safe truck transport

A truck isn't just a means of transport—it's a complex system that only functions safely if the load is distributed correctly . Incorrect load distribution can lead to axle overloads , unstable handling , or even serious accidents . This is where the load distribution plan comes into play: It's the most important tool for freight forwarders, drivers, and shippers to carry out transports safely and in compliance with regulations .

What is a load balancing plan?

A load distribution plan for trucks shows how the load must be placed on the loading area to ensure compliance with the axle loads . This takes into account not only the total weight but also the distribution between the front axle, rear axle, and, if applicable, the trailer axles .

Definition : A load distribution plan is a diagram or table that shows permissible loading points and weight distributions.
Benefit : It helps to avoid overloading individual axles and to operate the vehicle within the framework of legal requirements.

A truck load distribution plan is therefore indispensable for logistics and safety in road freight transport .

Why is load balancing so important?

Correct load distribution in the truck has several advantages:

Driving stability : Incorrectly distributed loads lead to poor driving behavior, longer braking distances and an increased risk of accidents.
Axle load control : A load distribution plan can prevent individual axles from being overloaded – a common reason for fines and driving bans.
Load securing : A balanced load distribution also ensures that securing systems such as lashing straps or storage cushions work optimally.
Cost optimization : Avoiding overloading reduces wear on tires, axles and chassis.

Calculating load distribution – this is how it works

To calculate the load distribution , the following factors are taken into account:

Total weight of the load
Position of the load on the loading area
Distance of the load centres to the axles
Axle loads according to manufacturer specifications

For example , if a heavy pallet is placed too far forward or too far back, the axle load shifts and can lead to overloading. Therefore, it's important to be able to calculate the truck spacing to determine the optimal load position.

Create load distribution plan

Creating a load distribution plan means transferring theoretical calculations into a practical overview . This plan contains:

Graphic representation of the truck with marked loading zones
Information on permissible axle loads and total weight
Examples of load placement
Calculation aids for drivers and shippers

A good load distribution plan is easy to understand and practical .

Explaining the load distribution plan – practical example

Suppose a 40-ton truck is to be loaded with pallets:

The empty weight of the vehicle is 16 tons.
The permissible total weight is 40 tonnes.
This leaves a payload of 24 tonnes.

If the pallets are distributed unevenly , the front axle can be overloaded even if the total weight is still within limits . The load distribution plan tells the driver how many pallets can be placed in each location without exceeding the axle loads .

Load balancing in logistics

In logistics, ensuring proper load distribution is a key safety factor . Modern software solutions support the digital calculation of load distribution within trucks and the automatic creation of plans . Nevertheless, the basic rule remains: every load must be distributed in such a way that the vehicle, the cargo, and other road users remain safe .

Conclusion on the load distribution plan

A load distribution plan is more than just a technical document – it is a crucial building block for safety, efficiency and legal certainty in freight transport .

Sandax GmbH supports its customers with practical solutions and advice on all aspects of load securing , export packaging and load distribution, so that every transport runs smoothly and in compliance with the law .