01/08/2025

Forces involved in load securing: Physical principles for maximum safety during transport

The safe transport of goods is one of the key challenges in the transportation industry. Proper truck load securing is particularly crucial in road freight transport. Various physical forces act on the load , which must be taken into account to avoid accidents and damage .

This article explains which forces play a role in load securing , how they are calculated and what practical consequences arise.

Why are forces so important when securing loads?

During transport, a vehicle doesn't stand still – it accelerates, brakes, corners , or is subjected to external influences such as wind or poor road conditions . The resulting movements generate forces that act on the load . These forces can shift, tip, or even cause the load to fall from the vehicle if it is not properly secured.

It is therefore essential to know the forces involved in securing loads and to counteract them with suitable securing methods.

The most important physical forces in load securing

1. Weight force (Fg)

The weight force is the downward force caused by the Earth's gravity . It is calculated using the formula:

Fg=m × g (Mass × acceleration due to gravity [9.81 m/s²])

Weight is crucial for correctly determining the contact pressure required to utilize friction . The heavier an object, the greater its weight —and the greater the demands on the securing equipment.

2. Braking force

Braking force occurs when the vehicle brakes suddenly—e.g., during an emergency stop. In practice, this force corresponds to approximately 80% of the weight of the load in the direction of travel . It is one of the greatest stresses for securing the load and is therefore often used in the dimensioning of securing devices.

3. Centrifugal force

When cornering, the centrifugal force acting on the load securing system acts perpendicular to the direction of travel , "pulling" the load outward. The higher the speed and the tighter the curve , the stronger this force becomes. It must be counteracted by lateral securing measures such as form-fitting loading or lashing devices .

4. Blocking force

The blocking force is the force used to secure a load against movement , e.g., by blocking it with wedges , loading frames , or other rigid restraints. This type of securing prevents the load from slipping , especially during braking .

The sum of all forces: A challenge for practice

In reality , several forces act on the load simultaneously . When a truck corners and brakes simultaneously, the braking force, centrifugal force, and weight add up. The resulting loads on the lashing devices or locking systems can be enormous.

Therefore, comprehensive calculations are essential when planning load securing . This is the only way to reliably overcome the physical challenges .

Product recommendations in the area of load securing

Dunnage bags- 90 x 90 cm - L1

Stausack Abmessungen: 90 x 90 cm

The Sandax Level 1 dunnage bags are high-quality inflatable dunnage cushions for load securing , ideal for stabilizing and securing load units . Made from two robust layers – a PE inner shell and a PP outer skin – these reusable dunnage bags offer maximum security with minimal effort. Positioned between pallets, crates, or coils, they fill gaps with air, prevent goods from slipping or tipping , and effectively secure the load against movement during transport. Technical data & product information Outer shell material : Polypropylene (PP fabric) – water and chemical resistant Inliner material : Polyethylene (PE) – airtight and durable Construction : 2-layer, Level 1 for light to medium loads Working pressure up to approx .: 0.2 bar Reusable : Yes – can be used multiple times Temperature & chemical resistance : High resistance to moisture, sea air and many chemicals Your benefits at a glance ✅ Dunnage bags for load securing : The dunnage bags fill loading gaps precisely and stabilize transported goods – ideal for containers, trucks, trains, etc. ✅ Reusable : Thanks to robust materials and workmanship, the dunnage bags can be used multiple times – cost-saving and sustainable. ✅ Easy handling : Quickly position, inflate, and you're done. ✅ Long durability : Outer shell made of tear-resistant PP, inner shell made of PE – particularly resistant to external influences and stresses ✅ Safe & reliable : Complies with Level 1 and offers proven filling and holding functions for light to medium loads Ideal areas of application Container loading : Filling gaps in 20- and 40-foot containers – ideal for preventing tipping or slipping of large units Truck load securing : stabilization in lateral and vertical gaps – without disposable materials Rail & combined transport : Filling in places with limited access – dunnage bags can be stored in a space-saving manner Shipping & Logistics : Perfect for distribution centers, reuse after return possible Application steps for dunnage bags Fixation : Place the dunnage bag – for example, on the side of pallets Filling : Inject air using a filling gun for dunnage bags Secure : Valve closes automatically – bag holds pressure reliably Removal & Reuse : After discharge, vent, dry and reuseStuffing bags with different levels (ply) in the Sandax online shop:PP dunnage bags Level 2PP dunnage bags Level 3PP dunnage bags Level 4PP dunnage bags Level 5PP dunnage bags Eco Are you looking for dunnage bags with a different strength or size? In our product catalogue for dunnage bags and airbags you will find an overview of all sizes, materials and thicknesses we can produce: Product catalogue for dunnage bags & airbags

€3.39*

Details

Dunnage bags - 90 x 120 cm - L3

Stausack Abmessungen: 90 x 120 cm

Sandax PP Level 3 load securing bags are professional, inflatable load securing elements in load class Level 3, which have been specially developed for use with heavy, large or dynamically loaded goods. They offer a reliable solution for filling gaps, effectively prevent the load from tipping over or slipping, and help shippers to work in a safe and compliant manner.Our Level 3 PP dunnage bags are available in the following standard sizes: 90 cm x 120 cm, 90 cm x 180 cm and 120 cm x 225 cm. If you require a different size, please do not hesitate to contact us! Structure and material – robust, durable, reusableEach dunnage bag has a two-layer construction:Inner liner made of PE (polyethylene) – ensures absolute airtightness, high flexibility and resilienceOuter skin made of PP (polypropylene) – offers extremely high tear resistance and resistance to mechanical stressThis combination of materials ensures that the dunnage bag retains its shape even under demanding transport conditions and functions reliably even under high pressure. The PP outer skin in particular is highly resistant to moisture, chemicals and mechanical stress, making it suitable for multimodal transport (truck, rail, sea). How it works – how Level 3 dunnage bags secure your load Sandax PP dunnage bags are positioned directly in empty spaces between pallets, crates, mesh boxes or machine parts. By inflating them with air via a quick-fill valve, the dunnage bag is securely fixed between the load units. This creates a form-fitting connection that absorbs lateral forces and prevents the load from moving in any direction – even during heavy braking or evasive manoeuvres.It can be used in just a few steps:Position the dunnage bag in the loading gap.Connect a suitable filling nozzle or battery-powered blower.Fill to the desired density.Check the fit before starting the journey.The quick valve enables particularly rapid handling, reducing loading times and making loading processes more efficient. Advantages of Level 3 dunnage bags – especially for heavy loads Sandax Level 3 dunnage bags are characterised by their above-average load-bearing capacity, making them the ideal choice for: Heavy palletised goodsMachines, machine parts and industrial componentsLarge-volume piece goodsTransport in containers, lorries or wagonsThe combination of force-fit air cushioning and form-fit gap filling secures heavy loads even where other securing methods reach their limits. The result: a significantly reduced risk of transport damage and breakdowns due to slipping loads. Economic advantages – durable and reusableUnlike many disposable materials, such as cardboard boxes or wooden spacers, Sandax Level 3 dunnage bags can be reused multiple times when used properly. This not only saves costs, but also resources and reduces waste in the workplace. In addition, the robust choice of materials ensures a long service life and minimises the need for replacement.Areas of application – flexible in logistics and transportThanks to their effective form-fit, Level 3 dunnage bags are suitable for a wide range of logistical requirements:Container loading (sea, land, air)Truck and local transport logistics Rail transport in combined transport Export packaging and warehouse logistics Dunnage bags offer a complementary securing solution to lashing straps, anti-slip mats or edge protectors, particularly in transport chains where conventional lashing is only possible to a limited extent.Conclusion – Sandax L3 load securing bags for safe, efficient transport securingSandax Level 3 dunnage bags combine practical handling, high load capacity and economic advantages to provide a safe solution for securing heavy goods. Whether in containers, on truck loading areas or in combined transport, these dunnage bags minimise the risk of cargo movement, promote transport safety and help shippers comply with legal requirements and logistical standards.Stuffing bags with different levels (ply) in the Sandax online shop:PP dunnage bags Level 1PP dunnage bags Level 2PP dunnage bags Level 4PP dunnage bags Level 5PP dunnage bags Level Eco Are you looking for dunnage bags with a different strength or size? In our product catalogue for dunnage bags and airbags you will find an overview of all sizes, materials and thicknesses we can produce: Product catalogue for dunnage bags & airbags

€8.33*

Lashing strap, 10m, 50mm, LC 2500 daN, two-piece, STF 500, ERGO long lever ratchet

With a length of 10 meters, a width of 50 millimeters and a lashing capacity of 2500daN, this two-part lashing strap stands for strength and reliability. What makes this lashing strap special is the ERGO long-lever ratchet , which not only embodies technological advancement but also offers unique ergonomics. With this ratchet, lashing and securing your load becomes an effortless task. Sandax stands not only for performance, but also for first-class workmanship and durability – the lashing strap is a reliable companion for all your demanding transport tasks. If you're looking for the highest quality, innovative design, and uncompromising safety , the two-piece Sandax 10m ERGO lashing strap is your best choice. Invest in the safety of your cargo and trust in Sandax quality. 🚚 Note : These straps are suitable for use as truck tensioning straps and meet the current standards for load securing. This tensioning strap is TÜV certified according to ISO 9001: Find even more 50mm tensioning straps at Sandax Is this strap not the right length, or are you looking for other 50mm lashing straps ? Simply click the button to go to our category with all 50mm lashing straps . All 50mm tensioning straps at a glance

€16.66* €20.23* 17.65% saved

Lashing strap, 8m, 75mm, LC 5000daN, STF 500daN, two-piece, Heavy XXL ratchet

Like our 10m XXL strap, this 8m strap also offers an impressive width of 75 millimeters and a lashing capacity of 5000 daN . This two-part lashing strap is unmatched in strength and resilience. The Heavy XXL ratchet, exclusive to Sandax, gives this lashing strap unparalleled security. With an STF value of 500 daN, it enables comfortable and powerful securing of your load . Whether you're transporting heavy machinery or bulky cargo, you're playing it safe with this XXL lashing strap . Invest in top quality and trust Sandax. 🚚 Note : These straps are suitable for use as truck tensioning straps and meet the current standards for load securing.

€42.84*

Lashing strap, 10m, 75mm, LC 5000 daN, two-piece, STF 500, Heavy XXL ratchet

The largest of our lashing straps. With a length of 10 meters , an impressive width of 75 millimeters , and a lashing capacity of 5000 daN, this two-part lashing strap sets new standards in strength and resilience. The Heavy XXL ratchet , exclusive to Sandax, gives this lashing strap unparalleled power. With a STF value of 500 daN, it allows for comfortable and powerful securing of your load . Whether you're transporting heavy machinery or bulky cargo, you're playing it safe with this XXL lashing strap . Invest in top quality and trust Sandax. 🚚 Note : These straps are suitable for use as truck tensioning straps and meet the current standards for load securing.

€47.60*

Methods for controlling the forces

1. Form-fitting load securing

The form-fitting load securing system adapts the load to the confines of the vehicle so that it cannot physically move – ideal for counteracting braking and centrifugal forces .

2. Force-locking securing

With friction-locked load securing, lashing devices generate a force (usually based on weight) that holds the load in place on the loading area . Increasing friction is key.

3. Increased friction

Anti-slip mats or special underlays can be used to increase the friction force between the load and the loading area in order to improve load securing through forces .

Conclusion: Strength in load securing – ensure safety

Ignoring the physical forces involved in load securing is a serious mistake with potentially dramatic consequences. Only those who understand the relationships between weight, braking force, blocking force, and centrifugal force can take effective securing measures.

Whether in the training room or on the loading area, knowledge of the forces involved in load securing must be part of the basic training of every driver and loading operator . Because safety begins with an understanding of physics .

Do you need a free initial consultation on load securing ? Simply fill out the form below.:

10-point checklist for load securing

Download our free PDF checklist with 10 important points for load securing .

Download load securing checklist

Fragen & Antworten zu den Kräften bei der Ladungssicherung

Welche Kräfte wirken bei der Ladungssicherung im Transport?

Während eines Transports wirken verschiedene physikalische Kräfte auf die Ladung. Dazu gehören insbesondere Beschleunigungs- und Bremskräfte, Fliehkräfte in Kurven sowie Reibungskräfte zwischen Ladung und Ladefläche. Diese Kräfte können dazu führen, dass sich Güter während der Fahrt verschieben oder kippen, wenn sie nicht ausreichend gesichert sind.

Warum kann Ladung bei einer Vollbremsung verrutschen?

Bei einer starken Bremsung wirkt eine hohe Trägheitskraft auf die Ladung. Das bedeutet, dass sich die Ladung weiterhin in Fahrtrichtung bewegen möchte, obwohl das Fahrzeug abbremst. Wenn die vorhandene Reibung oder Sicherung nicht ausreicht, kann die Ladung nach vorne rutschen oder gegen die Fahrzeugwand drücken.

Welche Rolle spielt Reibung bei der Ladungssicherung?

Reibung ist ein entscheidender Faktor für die Stabilität der Ladung. Je höher die Reibung zwischen Ladung und Ladefläche ist, desto geringer ist die Gefahr, dass sich das Transportgut bewegt. Hilfsmittel wie Antirutschmatten können die Reibung erhöhen und dadurch die Sicherungswirkung deutlich verbessern.

Welche Kräfte treten bei Kurvenfahrten auf?

In Kurven wirkt eine sogenannte Fliehkraft auf die Ladung. Diese Kraft drückt das Transportgut nach außen in Richtung der Kurvenaußenseite. Wenn die Ladung nicht ausreichend gesichert ist, kann sie seitlich verrutschen oder das Fahrzeug aus dem Gleichgewicht bringen.

Welche Rolle spielt das Gewicht der Ladung?

Das Gewicht beeinflusst maßgeblich die Kräfte, die während eines Transports entstehen. Je schwerer die Ladung ist, desto größer sind die Kräfte bei Bremsungen, Beschleunigungen oder Kurvenfahrten. Deshalb müssen Sicherungsmittel wie Zurrgurte oder Zurrketten entsprechend dimensioniert sein.

Warum ist die richtige Ladungsverteilung wichtig?

Eine gleichmäßige Gewichtsverteilung im Fahrzeug sorgt dafür, dass Kräfte während der Fahrt besser ausgeglichen werden. Wird die Ladung ungleichmäßig verteilt, kann dies die Fahrstabilität beeinträchtigen und die Wirksamkeit der Ladungssicherung verringern.